Today, many different methods are applied for the correct use of Foods and to prevent their deterioration. Ensuring healthy conditions for people in Food consumption and consumption of healthy Foods is very important for human welfare. In this study, Food spoilage, the factors that cause Food spoilage, its effects on a global basis, Food transport systems (cold Chain) and measures that prevent or delay Food spoilage are discussed.

Increasing Food demands, environmental aspects, and massive increase in population have an impact on the sustainability of a Supply Chain, especially in the Food processing sector. In Food Supply Chain there are many parameters from production to consumption like resources, packaging and waste management, etc. that need to be considered for sustainability. The aim of this study is to determine the parameters affecting the sustainability of Food Supply Chain and to measure the sustainability performance of the parameters along the Supply Chain. It involves the development of sustainability assessment model based on United Nations sustainable development goals to assess the sustainability practices and performance in industries. It helps in improvement in all levels in the Food industry. This can certainly help local Food processing industry of Pakistan to optimize their production processes, shrink wastes and increase the productivity. The developed sustainability assessment model comprises of three categories namely production, processing and consumption. To facilitate the above-mentioned categories, the assessment model consists of thirteen factors on which sustainability in industries is assessed. These are: (i) Resource Utilization (ii) Safety of Products (iii) Technology and innovation (IV) Waste Management (v) Reliability (vi) Customer Satisfaction (vii) Packaging and traceability (viii) Food safety and Food security (ix) Food affordability and availability (x) Leadership and communication (xi) Educate and training (xii) Health and Safety (xiii) Socio-cultural well-being. The sustainable Food Supply Chain performance evaluation for the Food processing sector in Pakistan indicates that it has an overall performance of 65.5. The gap identified is that many industries are weak in terms of certain factors leadership and communication, educate and training, Food affordability and availability, resource utilization and waste management. Keywords: Sustainable Food Production, Sustainable Food Supply Chains, Sustainability Assessment, Sustainability Maturity level, Analytical Hierarchy Process , Over all Sector Performance.

In the Industry 4.0 era, many pioneering industries are leveraging emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) as solutions in the digital age. One of the largest and most active industries in Iran is the Food industry, which stands to benefit significantly from these advancements. Achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is often possible at the level of the Supply Chain, where companies use information and communication technologies, such as IoT, to coordinate information, finances, and materials among Supply Chain actors. This research aimed to identify the key success factors (KSFs) for implementing IoT in the Food Supply Chain. Firstly, through a systematic literature review, the KSFs for IoT implementation in the Food Supply Chain were identified. To develop a measurement model, confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling was employed, making the research applied-descriptive. A questionnaire was designed and completed by 142 members of the "Amadeh Laziz" Supply Chain (a case study), who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis and LISREL 8.83 were then used to validate the proposed model. Finally, the cause-and-effect relationship between KSFs in IoT implementation in the Food Supply Chain was analyzed using Grey DEMATEL. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis findings, the KSFs in implementing IoT in the Food Supply Chain were identified as technical, economic, legal, cultural and social, security, applicability of IoT throughout the Supply Chain, and implementation of IoT applications. Thus, the measurement model included eight factors and 27 measures. According to the cause-and-effect relationship findings, "Implementation of IoT applications" and "Economic" factors were found to be mostly influenced, while "Applicability of IoT throughout the Supply Chain" and "Technical" factors were recognized as the most influential. The results of this research can guide Food producers and technology policymakers in their Supply Chains and help avoid trial and error in IoT implementation by leveraging global and national experiences.

Sustainable Supply management of Food resources and to distribute high- quality Food products throughout a profitable Supply Chain are the most important issues for societies management. In recent years, uncontrolled fishing in the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Oman Sea has resulted in drastic decreases in the reserves of these water resources. Expansion of aquaculture farms not only has contributed to the development of a sustainable source of Food for the country but also has been highly effective in the preservation of species that are endangered for whatever reason. Today, seaFood and related products have been known for job creation and earning foreign exchange. In this research, we develop a novel Stackelberg modeling and optimization framework for perishable Food Supply Chain that addresses warm- water farmed fish Supply Chain planning by formulating a bi-level optimization model. This paper proposes an algorithm called bi-level PSO benefits from Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) co-evolutionary algorithm that maximizes the fish farms and stalls profits. To validate the proposed algorithm, Iran warm- water fish Supply Chain market data was collected; implementation of the model on the Iran fish markets shows its applicability to real life logistics networks.

Food Supply Chain management has become a crucial issue due to increasing Food waste caused by globalization and population growth, which not only harms the environment but also social and economic aspects. The circular model has proven to be a powerful solution to overcome this, but its implementation is quite challenging due to the involvement of many stakeholders along the Supply Chain. So, it is important to understand the driving factors of a circular economy in the Food Supply Chain (FSC) which can stimulate the development of a circular Food Supply Chain, the barrier factors that can cause the failure of circular practices in the FSC, as well as strategies to overcome and mitigate the barriers that arise. Therefore, this study conducted a systematic literature review by analyzing 43 articles to answer specific research questions related to drivers, barriers, and circular Food Supply Chain (CFSC) strategies. The results present nine main drivers, main barriers, and strategies, of which there are 47 sub-drivers, 50 barriers, and 47 strategies. Out of all the strategies identified, 24 greatest strategies using Pareto and SWOT analysis can be adopted for CFSC practice in Indonesia. This research contributes to the existing literature with the strategies, along with the responsible FSC stakeholders.

In the present era, business is in a global environment that compels the enterprises to consider rest of the world in their competitive strategy analysis, despite of location or principal market base. The firms cannot isolate themselves or ignore external factors such as economic trends, competitive positions or technology advancement in other countries. While going truly global with Supply Chain management, a company develops product in the United States, produce in India and trade in Europe, and they have changed the traditional operation management & logistical activities.This change in trade and the modernization of transport infrastructures have elevated the importance of flow management to new levels. Manufacturers and researchers have noticed many problems concerning Supply Chain activities. Usually either a system or subcomponent in Supply Chains is discussed in the literature, but they fails to answer the rational (why, what, how) behind them. An attempt has been made in this paper addressing a review of the principles, bottlenecks and strategies of Supply Chain practices for organizations to sustain in the global market, with an emphasis on the implications of Indian agri-Food sector. Findings of this review reveal that the associated economic benefits in sustainable agri-Food Supply Chains can be achieved through innovation, Supply Chain collaboration, elimination of uncertainties and introducing global Supply Chain practices into green andlean initiatives.

Supply Chain members are interdependent through financial, material and information flows. In addition to conferring benefits for the Chain, this dependence brings uncertainty and risks. The extent of such challenges makes collaborative interactions and improvement of Supply Chain performance confront significant problems. Therefore, managers are encouraged to embrace new technologies to settle these problems. The new blockChain technology offers advantages such as traceability, decentralization, encryption, immutability and transparency of data transfer. In this way, the things that are necessary to create trust and integrity in a Supply Chain are provided by a blockChain. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze how blockChain technology is placed in the Supply Chain network of the Food industry and present the potential challenges of its implementation. In this research, the qualitative data foundation method and MAXQDA20 software are applied to determine the antecedents and processes of blockChain deployment. In the following, the resulting paradigm model is validated using the partial least squares technique (PLS), and SMART PLS software. The results of this study indicate that the drafting of the law and the support of the government create an impact on the establishment of blockChain in the Food Supply Chain. Moreover, with the development of technological infrastructure, the Chain will be improved and ultimately gain a competitive advantage and economic development of the country even with the imposition of sanctions.